Accounting Project Topics

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Financing Real Estate Purchase Through Mortgage in Nigeria

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Financing Real Estate Purchase Through Mortgage in Nigeria

Advertisements

Chapter One of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Financing Real Estate Purchase Through Mortgage in Nigeria

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Everyoneย  dreamsย ย  ofย  owningย  propertyย  somedayย  butย  withย  the constantย  riseย  inย  Nigerianย  propertyย  prices,ย  savingย  towardsย  buyingย  some pieceย  ofย  realย  estate seemsย  almostย  impossible-ย  particularlyย  forย  young peopleย  inย  Nigeria.ย  Althoughย  savingย  towardsย  acquiringย  propertyย  isย  one option,ย  itย  mayย  oftenย  beย  dishearteningย  becauseย  eachย  timeย  aย  certain amountย  hasย  beenย  saved,ย  oneย  discoversย  thatย  theย  propertyย  pricesย  have risenย  andย  onceย  againย  theย  assetย  isย  justย  outย  ofย  reach.ย  Mortgaging property may break this frustrating cycle.

Housing has been universally accepted as a very important and essential human need.ย  In fact, worldย  acclaimedย  American psychologist Abraham Maslowย  rankedย  shelterย  asย  secondย  onlyย  toย  foodย  inย  hisย  hierarchy ofย  humanย  needs.ย  Thisย  formย  ofย  securityย  isย  thusย  aย  basicย  necessityย  ofย  lifeย  whichย  everyย  Nigerianย  shouldย  readilyย  haveย  accessย  toย  withoutย  deprivation.ย  Oneย  ofย  theย  mostย  worrisomeย  features ofย  Nigerianย  urbanย  centersย  isย  theย  growingย  levelย  ofย  over-crowdingย  and inย  someย  casesย  outrightย  homelessness.ย  It is commonย  placeย  toย  seeย  familiesย  ofย  eightย  personsย  inย  aย  singleย  roomย  in a tenementย  buildingย  usuallyย  referredย  toย  asย  perย  roomย  perย  roomย  orย  faceย  meย  Iย  faceย  you.ย  One index used ย toย  measureย  theย  qualityย  ofย  lifeย  isย  housing,ย  andย  improvingย  theย  qualityย  of lifeย  isย  theย  wholeย  essenceย  ofย  governmentย  and governance.

Theย  housingย  sectorย  playsย  aย  moreย  criticalย  roleย  inย  aย  countryโ€™sย  welfare thanย  isย  alwaysย  recognized,ย  as itย  directlyย  affectsย  notย  onlyย  theย  well-beingย  ofย  theย  citizenry,ย  butย  alsoย  theย  performanceย  ofย  otherย  sectorsย  of theย  economy.ย  Adequateย  housingย  provisionsย  hasย  sinceย  theย  earlyย  1970sย  consistentlyย  engagedย  theย  attentionย  ofย  most ย countries,ย  especiallyย  theย  developingย  ones,ย  forย  aย  numberย  ofย  reasons.ย  First,ย  itย  isย  oneย  ofย  theย  threeย  mostย  importantย  basicย  needsย  ofย  mankind โ€“ย  theย  othersย  beingย  foodย  andย  clothing.ย  Second,ย  housingย  isย  aย  veryย  importantย  durableย  consumerย  item,ย ย ย ย  whichย  impactsย  positivelyย  on productivity,ย  asย  decent housingย  significantlyย  increasesย  workersย  healthย  andย  well โ€“ย  being,ย  andย  consequentlyย  growth.ย  Third,ย  itย  isย  oneย  ofย  theย  indicesย  forย  measuringย  theย  standardย  ofย  livingย  ofย  peopleย  acrossย  societies.ย  Consequently,ย  programsย  ofย  assistanceย  inย  theย  areaย  ofย  finance,ย  provisionย  ofย  infrastructureย  andย  researchย  haveย  beenย  designedย  byย  governmentsย  toย  enhanceย  itย  adequateย  delivery.ย  The focusย  inย  financeย  has ย howeverย  beenย  veryย  prominentย  forย  obviousย  reasons.ย  Thisย  isย  becauseย  housingย  provisionย  requiresย  hugeย  capitalย  outlay,ย  whichย  isย  oftenย  beyond the capacity of the medium/low income groups.

Inย  theย  advancedย  nationsย  ofย  theย  world,ย  particularlyย  inย  Europeย  andย  America,ย  mortgageย  isย  a criticalย  indexย  ofย  economicย  developmentย  andย  growth.ย  Theย  Margaretย  Thatcherย ย  administrationย  usedย  mortgageย  toย  moveย  theย  Britishย  economyย  toย  aย  newย  levelย  whichย  wasย  improvedย  upon andย  sustainedย  untilย  theย  presentย  creditย  crisisย  which couldย  beย  tracedย  toย  theย  sub โ€“ย  primeย  mortgageย  crisisย  ofย  theย  pastย  coupleย  ofย  years.ย  Theย  entireย  Americanย  economyย  wentย  onย  itsย  kneesย  followingย  theย  sub โ€“ย  primeย  crisisย  whichย  underscoresย  the ย centralย  roleย  mortgageย  canย  playย  in theย  economyย  ofย  anyย  nation.

Advertisements

Inย  Nigeria,ย  mortgageย  isย  stillย  atย  infancyย  andย  aย  numberย  ofย  factorsย  areย  workingย  againstย  itsย  growthย  andย  developmentย  toย  aย  pointย  whereย  itย  canย  impactย  positivelyย  onย  theย  economy.ย  Thereย  isย  noย  consciousย  effortย  toย  developย  thisย  importantย  sector.ย  Investmentย  inย  theย  sectorย  isย  stillย  veryย  lowย  and thisย  explainsย  whyย  afterย ย  theย  recapitalization and consolidationย  ofย ย  theย  bankingย  sectorย  toย  theย  tuneย  ofย  #25 billion,ย  weย  areย  yetย  toย  seeย  theย  impactย  ofย  theย  consolidationย  onย  mortgages.

Inย  mostย  Africanย  societies,ย  longย  beforeย  colonialism,ย  theย  provisionย  ofย  housingย  orย  shelterย  wasย  anย  individualย  responsibilityย  andย  thisย  trendย  obtainsย  toย  theย  presentย  day.ย  Postย  โ€“ย  colonialย  days,ย  itย  hasย  alwaysย  beenย  assumedย  thatย  sinceย  weย  areย  nowย  practicingย  aย  foreignย  systemย  ofย  governmentย  andย  administration,ย  theย  governmentย  shouldย  nowย  beย  responsibleย  forย  providingย  allย  basicย  needsย  forย  theirย  people.ย  Currentlyย  andย  fortuitously,ย  housingย  seemsย  toย  beย  aย  priorityย  forย  theย  federalย  governmentย  ofย ย  Nigeriaย  andย  thisย  isย  capturedย  inย  presidentย  YarAduaโ€™sย  2020ย  Agenda,ย  whereย  theย  presidentย  attachesย  theย  highestย  priorityย  toย  affordableย  housingย  forย  theย  masses.

Thereย  isย  moreย  toย  theย  hosingย  industryย  thanย  justย  buildingย  houses.ย  Inย  advancedย  countries,ย  theย  industryย  includesย  anythingย  relatedย  toย  realย  estateย  andย  homeย  ownershipย  fromย  landย  titleย  preparationย  andย  mortgageย  financingย  toย  materialย  sourcingย  andย  manufacturingย  โ€“ย  theย  housingย  industryย  isย  anย  enormousย  market.ย  Aย  vastย  housingย  marketย  existย  inย  Nigeriaย  givenย  theย  massiveย  homeย  deficitย  estimatedย  atย  aboutย  14ย  millionย  byย  theย  Federalย  Mortgageย  Bankย  ofย  Nigeria.

Mortgageย  financingย  isย  aย  majorย  areaย ย  ofย  concernย  whichย  hasย  oftenย  beenย  fingeredย  asย  oneย  ofย  theย  mostย  formidableย  constraintsย  inย  theย  housingย  sector.ย  Itย  isย  inย  recognitionย  ofย  theย  criticalย  importanceย  ofย  financeย  inย  housingย  deliveryย  thatย  weย  haveย  decidedย  toย  researchย  onย  thisย  topic.

STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEMย ย ย 

Theย  desireย  toย  reachย  aย  conclusionย  onย  theย  reasonย  whyย  thereย  isย  aย  massiveย  homeย  deficitย  estimated atย  aboutย  14 millionย  byย  theย  Federalย  Mortgage Bankย  ofย  Nigeriaย  isย  whatย  ledย  toย  thisย  veryย  importantย  study.

The above issue necessitated the following research questions:

Whatย  isย  theย  levelย  ofย  awarenessย  ofย  theย  averageย  Nigerianย  regardingย  mortgageย  financing.

Whatย  isย  theย  attitudeย  ofย  peopleย  towardsย  usingย  aย  mortgageย  toย  financeย  theย  purchaseย  ofย  privateย  homes.

Whatย  isย  theย  opinionย  ofย  members ofย  theย  publicย  toย  theย  levelย  ofย  provisionย  ofย  homesย  forย  lowย  incomeย  earnersย  byย  Banksย  andย  otherย  primaryย  mortgageย  institutions.

Whatย  isย  theย  impactย  ofย  theย  housingย  sectorย  onย  theย  Nigerianย  economy.

1.3ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย  OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYย ย ย 

The following are the objectives of the study:

Toย  determineย  theย  levelย  ofย  awarenessย  amongย  Nigeriaโ€™sย  onย  financingย  theirย  realย  estateย  purchaseย  throughย  mortgage.

Toย  determineย  theย  extentย  toย  whichย  peopleย  areย  willingย  toย  purchaseย  theirย  homesย  usingย  mortgages.

Toย  determineย  whetherย  thereย  areย  adequateย  productsย  providedย  byย  banksย  andย  otherย  primaryย  mortgageย  institutionsย  forย  lowย  incomeย  earners.

Toย  determineย  howย  muchย  impactย  theย  housingย  sectorย  hasย  onย  theย  Nigerianย  economy.

ย SCOPE OF THE STUDYย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

Thisย  studyย  willย  confineย  itselfย  toย  theย  knowledgeย  andย  attitudeย  ofย  peopleย  toย  financeย  theirย  purchaseย  ofย  homesย  usingย  mortgage.ย  Theย  geographicalย  coverageย  ofย ย  thisย  studyย  willย  beย  confinedย  toย  Beninย  Cityย  Edoย  Stateย  whereย  theย  researchย  wasย  conducted.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Theย  significanceย  ofย  thisย  researchย  isย  evidentย  inย  theย  factย  thatย  shelterย  orย  housingย  ranksย  secondย  onlyย  toย  foodย  inย  theย  hierarchyย  ofย  humanย  needs.ย  itย  alsoย  stretchesย  beyondย  theย  academic ย perspectiveย  toย  otherย  fieldย  studyย  andย  areasย  ofย  humanย  endeavors.ย  Some of them are:

Theย  generalย  public:ย  thisย  studyย  will assistย  inย  increasingย  theย  levelย  ofย  awarenessย  ofย  theย  generalย  publicย  onย  the opportunityย  theyย  haveย  toย  actualizeย  theirย  dreamsย  ofย  owningย  aย  homeย  byย  usingย  mortgage.

Banksย  andย  otherย  primaryย  mortgageย  institutions:ย  thisย  studyย  willย  beย  veryย  usefulย  toย  Banksย  andย  primaryย  mortgageย  institutionsย  becauseย  itย  willย  helpย  inย  showingย  themย  howย  the publicย  viewย  andย  rateย  theirย  performance.

Government:ย  thisย  studyย  isย  relevantย  toย  theย  governmentย  becauseย  housingย  playย  aย  majorย  roleย  in theย  developmentalย  processย  ofย  anyย  societyย  andย  itย  willย  also helpย  showย  themย  howย  theย  publicย  feelsย  aboutย  theirย  policiesย  withย  respectย  toย  housing.

ย FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESESย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย ย 

For the purpose of our study the following hypothesis will be tested:

1.ย ย ย ย  Null Hypothesisย  ( H0):ย  Theย  levelย  ofย  awarenessย  ofย  mortgageย  financingย  inย  Nigeriaย  doesย  notย  haveย  anย  impactย  onย  theย  levelย  ofย  privateย  home ownership.

Alternativeย  Hypothesisย  (H1):ย  Theย  levelย  ofย  awarenessย  ofย  mortgageย  financingย  inย  Nigeriaย  hasย  anย  impactย  onย  theย  levelย  ofย  privateย  homeย  ownership.

2.ย ย ย ย  Null Hypothesisย  (H0):ย  Theย  averageย  Nigeriaย  seekingย  aย  homeย  ofย  hisย  ownย  preferย  mortgageย  financing.

Alternativeย  Hypothesisย  ( H1):ย  Theย  averageย  Nigerianย  seekingย  aย  homeย  ofย  hisย  ownย  doesย  notย  preferย  mortgageย  financing.

3.ย ย ย ย  Null Hypothesisย  ( H0):ย  Banksย  andย  otherย  primaryย  mortgageย  institutionsย  are doingย  enoughย  toย  provideย  homesย  forย  lowย  incomeย  earners.

Alternativeย  Hypothesisย  ( H1):ย  Banksย  andย  other primary mortgageย  institutionsย  areย  notย  doingย  enoughย  toย  provideย  homesย  forย  lowย  incomeย  earners.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYย ย ย 

Inย  theย  courseย  ofย  carryingย  outย  thisย  researchย  weย  experienceย  someย  constraints.ย  Oneย  ofย  suchย  constraintsย  wasย  difficultyย  inย  gettingย  accessย  toย  vitalย  informationย  consideringย  theย  factย  thatย  theย  mortgageย  industryย  inย  Nigeriaย  isย  stillย ย  atย  itsย  infancyย  stage,ย  sourcingย  forย  qualityย  informationย  forย  thisย  researchย  wasย  quiteย  difficult.

Anotherย  constraintย ย  wasย  thatย  theย  mortgageย  companiesย  visitedย  wereย  notย  goodย  atย  keepingย  records,ย  asย  theyย  complainedย  thatย  relevantย  documentsย  wereย  notย  availableย  becauseย  theyย  wereย  given outย  andย  wereย  neverย  returned.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Theย  followingย  termsย  areย  herebyย  definedย  asย  mayย  beย  usedย  inย  theย  contextย  ofย  thisย  study:

Mortgage:ย  Mortgageย  canย  beย  definedย  asย  aย  pledgeย  of propertyย  asย  securityย  forย  theย  repaymentย  ofย  aย  loanย  orย  theย  performanceย  ofย  aย  duty.ย  Theย  pledgeย  endsย  whenย  theย  debtย  orย  dutyย  isย  discharged.

Realย  Estate:ย  Realย  Estateย  isย  aย  legalย  termย  thatย  encompassesย  landย  alongย  withย  anythingย  permanentlyย  affixedย  toย  theย  landย  suchย  asย  building,ย  specificallyย  propertyย  thatย  isย  fixedย  inย  location.

Commission:ย  Commissionย  isย  moneyย  paidย ย  toย  aย  realย  estateย  agentย  orย  brokerย  byย  theย  sellerย  asย  compensationย  forย  findingย  aย  buyerย  andย  completingย  theย  sale.

Appraisal:ย  Appraisalย  isย  expertย  judgmentย  orย  estimateย  ofย  theย  qualityย  orย  valueย  ofย  realย  estimateย  asย  ofย  aย  givenย  date.

Amortizationย  period:ย  Thisย  isย  theย  timeย  overย  whichย  allย  regularย  paymentsย  wouldย  payย  offย  theย  mortgage.

Mortgageย  broker:ย  A mortgageย  brokerย  isย  aย  personย  thatย  helpsย  prospectiveย  buyersย  to findย  theย  bestย  mortgage dealย  forย  theirย  needsย  toย  completeย ย  theย  paperย  workย  andย  completeย  theย  mortgageย  application.

Refinancing:ย  Refinancingย  refersย  toย  takingย  ofย  aย  newย  loanย  toย  clearย  theย  existingย  loan.

Deed (certificateย  ofย  ownership): Thisย  isย  theย  documentย  signedย  byย  theย  sellerย  transferringย  ownershipย  ofย  theย  homeย  toย  theย  purchaser.

Default:ย  Default refers to failure of loan repayment.

Foreclosure:ย  Thisย  isย  aย  legalย  procedureย  wherebyย  theย  lenderย  eventuallyย  obtainsย  ownershipย  ofย  theย  paymentย  afterย  theย  borrowerย  hasย  defaultedย  onย  payments.

ABBREVIATIONSย ย ย ย ย ย 

PMI:ย  Primaryย  Mortgageย  Institutions

NHF:ย  Nationalย  Housingย  Fund

FMBN:ย  Federalย  Mortgageย  Bankย  ofย  Nigeria

LTV:ย  Loanย  To Value

MBS: Mortgageย  Backedย  Securities

FHA:ย  Federalย  housing Authority

Advertisements


GET THE COMPLETE PROJECTยป

WeCreativez WhatsApp Support
Welcome! We are online and ready to help you via WhatsApp chat. Let us know if you need our assistance.